Set 4 | Indian Important Philosophical Movements objectives

Correct Answer is B.

• Vinaya Pitaka was established under the leadership of Upali.
• Vinaya Pitaka means the monastic code or rules of the order.
• Text of Sutta Pitaka was established under the leadership of Ananda.
• Sutta Pitaka contains five sayings of Buddha. The fifth saying contains the Jataka tales(birth stories of Buddha).
• Abhidhamma Pitaka contains the philosophical teachings of the Buddha. It is written in the form of questions and answers.

Correct Answer is A.

• After the Buddha’s death(483 BCE), first council was held at the Saptaparni cave near Rajagriha under the king Ajatasatru and was presided by Mahakassapa.
• The purpose was to compile Sutta Pitaka(doctrines of Buddha) and Vinaya Pitaka(monastic code).
• (refer que31).

Correct Answer is C.

• Mahayana was established in 4^th Buddhist council(98 CE).
• It was the last council of Buddhism, that was held in Kashmir.
• Presided by Vasumitra who was helped by Asvaghosha during the duration of king Kanishka.
• Its purpose was to settle down the differences among all 18 sects of Buddhism and to compose the commentaries.
• Sarvastivadins(Kashmir and Mathura region) and Mahasanghikas together forming the Mahayanists(followers of Greater Vehicle).
• Rest of sects, including Sthaviravadins forming the Hinayanists(Lesser Vehicle).
• Conduct of the deliberations of the council in Sanskrit instead of Pali.

Correct Answer is C.

• Moggaliputta Tissa chaired the 3^rd Buddhist council(250 BCE) during the reign of Ashoka at Pataliputra.
• Resulted in the establishment of Sthaviravada school as orthodox.
• Addition of a third Pitaka called Abhidhamma Pitaka which contains the philosophical sayings of Buddha.
• After all this, sayings and discourses of the Buddha now came to be known as the Tripitaka.

Correct Answer is A.

• 2^nd council(383 BCE) held at Vaishali during the reign of Kalashoka and presided by Sabbakami.
• The monks of Vaishali and Pataliputra had accepted certain rules which were against the teachings of Buddha that was accepted by the monks of Kaushambi and Avanti.
• Council failed to bring the compromise between the two groups so as a result the Buddhist order was divided into Sthaviravadins and Mahasangikas.

Correct Answer is C.

• Vasumitra chaired the last, 4^th council of Buddhism during the reign of Kanishka at Kashmir which result into the establishment of new school Mahayans and Hinayans.
• (refer que33).

Correct Answer is D.

• Milindapanho is also known as Questions of Menander.
• It gives an account of the discussions of the Greek King, Menander and the monk Nagasena.

Correct Answer is C.

• Asvaghosha was the author of the Buddhacharita(poetic biography of the Buddha), who was the contemporary of Kanishka.

Correct Answer is B.

• Mahavamsa is also known as Great Chronicle of the 4^th century.
• Composed by the monk Mahanama that contains the passages of beauty and vigour.
• Another one is Dipavamsa which is called as the Island Chronicle of the 4^th century but it had no literary merit.

Correct Answer is A.

• Abhidhammakosa is an important encyclopedia of Buddhism.
• It was written by Vasubandhu, the brother of Asanga.