Set 2 | Important Environment Pollution MCQs

Correct Answer is A.

• The first statement is true: a parthenocarpic fruit ages without producing a seed. Cucumbers, grapes, bananas, etc. are a few instances of parthenocarpic fruits.
• The second statement is untrue: beverage plants are those that produce drinks. It might have an alcoholic or non-alcoholic character. While non-alcoholic ones are alkaloids and contain caffeine, alcoholic ones have one or more hydroxyl groups.

Correct Answer is B.

• When substances including sulfur, nitrogen, and other acids react with atmospheric moisture, acid rain is the result. Hydrochloric acid, carbonic acids, phosphoric acid, etc. are examples of additional acids.
• So, the direct causes of acid rain are phosphoric acid and sulfur dioxide. chemicals such as cadmium, lead, aluminum, and methyl mercury. are induced indirectly by acid rain rather than being released directly.

Correct Answer is C.

• The effects of temperature and pressure variations on water bodies are extensive. The first statement is untrue: raising the temperature can cause life-sustaining enzymes to become denaturized by rupturing hydrogen and disulfide bonds in the quaternary structure of the enzymes. The animals may become malnourished as a result of this decreased enzyme activity, which may also reduce the breakdown of lipids.
• Mistake number two: The number of enzyme-substrate collisions limits the rate of photosynthesis at low temperatures. The rate of photosynthesis increases as temperature rises because more collisions occur at higher temperatures. In actuality, the rate of photosynthesis actually doubles for every 10 °C rise in temperature. Nevertheless, enzymes become denatured at elevated temperatures, which will slow down the rate of photosynthesis.
• Statement 3 is true: As a result of animals consuming more food due to higher water temperatures, there will be a shortage of food for aquatic life.
• The fourth statement is accurate: temperature causes the population of green algae to decrease while simultaneously increasing that of undesirable blue green algae. It is true that higher temperatures cause organisms to migrate from less adaptable areas to more adaptable ones.
• This is statement number five. As a result, it triggers the organisms’ migration across space.

Correct Answer is A.

• Statement 1 is true: Seventy percent of marine pollution is attributed to plastic pollution, which is highly noticeable in the marine environment. In contrast to the terrestrial environment, the ocean environment presents challenges for the retrieval, sorting, and removal of plastics. In contrast to the oceans, land surfaces exhibit a higher rate of plastic UV degradation. Plastics in the sea degrade far more slowly than those on land, even when exposed to the same amount of solar radiation.
• False statement 2: Although plastics are thought to be bio-inert, Japanese chemists have discovered that during their breakdown, potentially hazardous Bisphenol A (BPA) and PS oligomer are released into the water. According to certain studies, seagrasses with higher BPA concentrations exhibit impaired leaf elongation and cytoskeleton defects.
• Moreover, the introduction of plastic into the marine environment may affect the organisms physiologically as well as physically. Take the case of fish that become satiated after consuming plastic. Plastics enrich the marine environment by augmenting the non-toxic and toxic organic matters that are present in the water at lower concentrations.

Correct Answer is B.

• False statement 1: Traditional landfills, lined with impermeable materials like clay and plastic, are not the same as sanitary landfills, which are an upgraded version of them. to lessen water’s leaching into the soil, which in turn reduces the amount of pollutants and toxic materials.
• Even though they don’t have the leaching issues that traditional landfills do, their construction is extremely expensive. Vermiculture involves adding earthworms to compost to aid in the breakdown of waste materials, however Statement 2 is untrue. The wastes’ nutrient concentration is further increased by the earthworms’ excrement. As a result, earthworm farming is another name for this practice.
• Verdict 3: Pyrolysis is a technique that involves burning materials either without oxygen or in a regulated atmosphere with oxygen. As a substitute for burning, it is employed. Fuels are made from the solid and liquid byproducts of pyrolysis process. Tar, charcoal, acetone, acetic acid, flue gas, etc. are among the byproducts of pyrolysis.
• Erroneous statement 4: Burning waste through incineration is not an environmentally friendly process. A significant amount of hazardous and polluting materials are released into the environment during this process, which involves burning the wastes at extremely high temperatures.

Correct Answer is C.

• The process of decomposing waste in the presence of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi is called composting, and option C is accurate.
• Decomposition of the organic wastes that decompose is the goal. Oxygen is present when it is done. Composting produces a high-quality medium for plant growth that is rich in carbon and nitrogen.
• Safe, affordable, and hygienic. In addition, it allows the soil to hold more nutrients and improves its capacity to hold moisture.

Correct Answer is C.

• First statement true: radioactivity is the result of atomic nuclei breaking down into other elements, which releases radiations of alpha, beta, and gamma particles. The three particle radiations that result from radioactivity are listed above. While human skin can block alpha particles, materials such as metals and glass can also block beta particles, allowing them to pass through the skin.
• Gamma radiation damages skin cells by penetrating deeply into the skin. They seriously harm people because they can only be blocked by extremely robust and thick concrete.
• Statement 2 is accurate: Depending on their capacity to be absorbed and permeate into objects, radiations can be categorized as ionizing or non-ionizing. Because of its extreme penetrating power, ionizing radiation can break macromolecules down.
• The sun emits ultraviolet radiation, which is a type of short wave radiation that is non-ionizing. Despite their poor penetration strength, they harm the cells they enter. They seriously harm the skin, eyes, etc. when taking in something.

Correct Answer is D.

• Option D is accurate: the Waste to Wealth Mission of the Science, Technology, and Innovation Advisory Council of the Prime Minister addresses ways to recognize, create, and implement technologies with the goal of treating wastes in order to produce energy, recycle them, and extract value from them. As a result, the mission aims to create a clean and environmentally friendly environment.
• In order to develop financially sustainable waste management models, the mission also seeks to support the Smart Cities and Swachh Bharat initiatives. By using the Plasma Arc gasification method, waste can be converted into residue ash and syngas at high temperatures by creating a plasma arc.
• The leftover ash can be combined with cement and utilized in construction, while the syngas can be utilized to generate electricity in the future. Various processes such as incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis can be applied to the dry and combustible wastes, including the polymers.
• In the event of pyrolysis, the wastes may be heated to a high temperature, producing syngas and pyrolysis oil that may be utilized for additional heating. Cooking fuel and syngas can be produced by combining biomass wastes, such as dry leaves and grasses, with the slurry in the biogas digester plants.

Correct Answer is C.

• The first statement is true: Organochlorines are chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds that are frequently used as pesticides and fall under the category of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Their effects on the central nervous systems are extremely detrimental. Chlordane, DDT, methoxychlor, etc. are the collection of substances included in this.
• The second statement is true: the Stockholm Convention is an international agreement aimed at shielding human health from the damaging impacts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which linger in the environment, bioaccumulate in living things, and consequently cause significant environmental harm.
• In 2006, India became a party to the Stockholm Convention. In accordance with the terms of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) published the “Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Rules, 2018”. Seven chemicals were forbidden from being made, traded, used, imported, or exported under this regulation.

Correct Answer is D.

• Statement 1 is true: The atmosphere and sunlight react with emissions from factories, cars, and other industries to create smog. Nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere combine with sunlight to form photochemical smog. There is no need for smoke or fog in this type of smog. Vehicles, power plants, and factory emissions all release nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. Fuels, paints, and cleaning solvents all release volatile organic compounds into the air.
• Statement 2 is true: Ground-level ozone is one of the main elements of photochemical smog. Although ozone in the stratosphere shields the planet from damaging UV rays, ozone on the ground is dangerous for human health. Vehicle emissions that contain volatile organic compounds (found in paints, solvents, printing inks, petroleum products, vehicles, etc.) and nitrogen oxides (mainly from exhaust) combine to form ground-level ozone. interact when exposed to sunlight.
• It is true that sulfurous smog is also referred to as “London smog” because it originated in London. The use of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels, especially coal, which was the primary source of electricity in London during the nineteenth century, results in a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air and causes sulfurous smog. Early in the 20th century, the effects of burning coal were noted. High concentrations and moisture make this kind of smog worse.