Set 5 | Important Indian Philosophical Movements objectives

Correct Answer is A.

• Mahayana Buddhism gave the concept of Bodhisattva.
• Mahayana Buddhism means the greater vehicle and believed in the idol worship of the Buddha.
• Spiritual upliftment is the ultimate aim of this sect.
• A Bodhisattva seeks complete enlightenment for the benefit of all beings. A Bodhisattva who has accomplished this goal is called a Samyaksa Buddha.
• Mahayana sect predominantly used Sanskrit language.
• Vajrayana is one of sub sect of Mahayana.

Correct Answer is B.

• Hinayana Buddhism do not believe in the idol worship of Buddha. It means the lesser vehicle.
• They believed in orthodox teaching of Buddha.
• Pali language is used by this sect.
• Ultimate aim is to attain Nirvana and believed in individual salvation.
• Sthaviravada(Theravada) is one of its sects.
• Theravada sect was patronized by King Ashoka.

Correct Answer is C.

• Avalokitesvara is one of three protective deities around Buddha. He described as holding lotus and known as Padampani.
• Padampani Painting can be found at Ajanta caves..
• Avalokitesvara represents the activity of Karuna- compassion, active, sympathy, gentle affection.
• Dalai Lama is said to be his incarnation. Sometimes, Avalokitesvara is male or female or could be genderless.
• He appears unofficially in Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia under the name Lokeesvara.

Correct Answer is D.

• Vajrapani is the protector and guide of the Buddha and rose to symbolize the power of Buddha.
• He is one of three protective deities around Buddha depicted in Ajanta caves.
• He is the one of the earliest bodhisattvas of Mahayana Buddhism.

Correct Answer is A.

• Manjushri usually depicted as a youth, representing purity and innocence. He is also one of three protective deities around Buddha, found in Ajanta Caves.
• There is a vajra sword in one hand that cuts through ignorance and discrimination. In his other hand, there might be a sutra scroll representing the Prajnaparamita(perfection of wisdom) texts.

Correct Answer is A.

• Unlike other Boddhisattavas who are portrayed as a royalty, Kshitigarbha is dressed as a simple monk with a shaved head.
• He has vowed not to rest until he has emptied hell of all beings.
• He holds a staff with six rings that indicated that the Boddhisattava protects all beings in the Six realms.

Correct Answer is B.

• In Buddhist tradition, Maitrya is depicts as the future Buddha who is currently residing in the Tushita heaven, who will descend to earth to preach anew dharma when the teachings of Buddha have completely decayed.
• He was accepted in all schools of Buddhism and is still the only Boddhisattava generally honoured by the Theravda tradition.
• Laughing Buddha is said to be the incarnation of Maitreya.

Correct Answer is B.

• Samantabhadra  is the one who protects those who teach the Dharma and represents the meditation and practice of the Buddhas.
• He often is a part of a trinity with Shakyamuni Buddha and Manjushri.
• In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is the Primordial Buddha and is associated with the dharmakaya.

Correct Answer is D.

• Vajrayana, form of Tantric Buddhism that developed in India and neighbouring countries.
• It is based on Mahayana.
• Tara(female) is the main deity of Vajrayana Buddhism.

Correct Answer is B & C.

• Theravada is also known as Sthaviravada which means the Way of the Elders.
• Strict adherence to the original teachings and rules of monastic discipline described by Buddha.
• The ultimate aim of Theravada is to attain Nirvana by practicing noble eightfold paths.