Set 8 | Important Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change MCQs

Correct Answer is B.

• There are two primary causes of climate change– factors that increase carbon emission and factors that increase carbon absorption.
• The causes of increase in carbon emission include excessive burning of the fossil fuels, exploding numbers of automobiles driven by oil etc., while the carbon absorption rate is declining due to excessive deforestation.
• Therefore, carbon concentrations are increasing in the atmosphere which is affecting the climate by increasing the greenhouse effect. NASA and other studies do not consider the solar flare as a major cause of climate change

Correct Answer is A.

• An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet, most commonly from the polar ice caps of Antarctica-Greenland or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere.
• As the ice forms the incremental building of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper and an ice core contains ice formed over a range of years.
• The properties of the ice and the recrystallized clarification needed inclusions within the ice can then be used to reconstruct a climatic record over the age range of the core, normally through isotopic analysis.
• This enables the reconstruction of local temperature records and the history of atmospheric composition.

Correct Answer is A.

• The Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA), established by the European Union in 2007, originally focused on supporting four countries. Over time, it expanded to become a key platform for addressing climate issues globally, with particular attention to least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS).
• Today, GCCA operates under the name GCCA+ and works in over 80 countries, including regional and global initiatives, with a significant emphasis on adaptation and mitigation strategies.
• The program’s budget has surpassed €750 million and supports numerous activities, such as integrating climate change into development policies, fostering disaster risk reduction, and promoting sustainable forest management.
• It also emphasizes the importance of community engagement, education, and capacity building to ensure long-term climate resilience and sustainability. The initiative is coordinated by the European Commission and aligns with international climate goals under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Correct Answer is A.

• India’s first National Action Plan on Climate Change was released in June, 2008 by the then Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh.

Correct Answer is B.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was launched by the Government of India on 30 June 2008 to address climate change and promote sustainable development. It focuses on eight core National Missions aimed at achieving goals for adaptation and mitigation. These missions are:

1. National Solar Mission: Focuses on increasing the use of solar energy to reduce dependency on fossil fuels.
2. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Aims to improve energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries and reduce carbon emissions.
3. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: Promotes energy efficiency in urban planning, waste management, and public transport systems.
4. National Water Mission: Works to improve water use efficiency by 20% and ensure water sustainability.
5. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: Focuses on conserving the Himalayan ecosystem, which is sensitive to climate change.
6. National Mission for a Green India: Aims to increase forest cover and enhance ecosystem services.
7. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: Addresses climate adaptation in agriculture by promoting sustainable farming practices.
8. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: Seeks to build a knowledge system for climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Exclusion of Nuclear Energy

The NAPCC does not include atomic energy or nuclear power as part of its eight missions. While nuclear power is considered a low-carbon energy source, its omission may stem from policy considerations, including focusing on renewable sources like solar and wind energy, which align better with India’s climate goals.

Correct Answer is A.

Supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the state government of Jharkhand initiated the process to develop the Jharkhand Action Plan on Climate Change (JAPCC) to address climate challenges and pursue sustainable development.

Timeline and Development Process:

1. Formation of Groups (May 2011):
   • The State Steering Group and State Advisory Group (SAG) were constituted through a state government notification to oversee and guide the preparation of the JAPCC.
2. Leadership and Collaboration:
   • The Department of Environment and Forests led the effort in collaboration with various state departments, ensuring an interdisciplinary approach.
3. Drafting and Public Consultation (December 2013):
   • A public consultation meeting was held in Jamshedpur on 23rd December 2013 to share the draft action plan with stakeholders, including government departments and the general public.
   • Feedback and comments were invited to refine the action plan.

Objectives:

The JAPCC aims to reframe development pathways toward low-carbon growth, ensuring:

• Development opportunities are preserved and enhanced.
• Climate resilience and adaptive capacity are strengthened.
• Sustainable and inclusive development is prioritized.

The JAPCC represents a localized effort aligned with India’s broader National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) while addressing Jharkhand’s unique challenges. Let me know if you’d like further details on specific strategies or sectors addressed in the JAPCC.

Correct Answer is B.

• According to Jharkhand Plan on Climate Change Report (2014) Saraikela Kharsawan is the most sensitive district with the score of 0.78 which shows its vulnerability. The measurement is prepared on the scale of (–1) to (+1), which shows respective vulnerability.

Correct Answer is C.

• According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a rise in temperature between 1.4-5.8^o C has been estimated between 1990 to 2100 A.D. This would result in melting polar ice caps and subsequent rise in sea level.
• As per IPCC, the sea level is expected to rise from 0.33 m to 0.45m from 1990 to 2100 A.D. Hence statement (1) is correct while (2) is not correct. The rise in sea level is estimated to be 3 mm per year. At Fiji, its 0.15 meter per year. Hence by 2044, Fiji is likely to be submerged.

Correct Answer is D.

• Methane hydrate is a crystalline solid which contains a Methane molecule surrounded by water molecules. Methane hydrate usually exist in form of ‘Ice’. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits.
• Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ have been found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.
• Methane is relatively shortlived in the atmosphere. It oxidizes in atmosphere into Carbon dioxide after a decade or two. It also contributes into green house effect on the earth. Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

Correct Answer is C.

• Scientists of Manchester University have suggested using sea water for creating brightening clouds for maximum reflection of sun rays. This will help control global warming.